Volume 1: The Afrocentric Roots of "Jazz" and African Music in the Americas

Prologue

I. Traditional African Music

II. The Sociocultural Context In Which African-American Music Emerged 

• The Natives Of America
• Africans' Limited Access To Musical Instruments and Performance Venues In America 
• Slave Era Music And Cultural Cross-Fertilization 
• African-American Music Convergence Affected By Sex And Marriage 
• Sociocultural Influences On Seventeenth Century African-American Music 
• Eighteenth-Century Sociocultural Changes 
• Witch Craze

III. Traditional African-American Music

• Music Evolves During The Struggle For Independence And Equal Rights
• American Folksongs And The Blues: Pre-Civil War 

Juba 
The Cakewalk And Children’s Game Songs 
• American Folksongs And The Blues: Post-Civil War 
• Marches 
• Minstrel Shows
• The Dawn Of Ragtime 
• The Term "Jazz"
• Musical Influence On Religion, Racism, And Revolution 

Voodoo 
• Jim Crow Segregation Perpetuates Segregated Musical Styles 
• Summary

IV. Innovators Emerging Between 1900 And 1910

• Ecumenical Music Retention 
• The Continuation of Double Entendre And Other Modes of Communication 
• Afrocentric Dance and Musical Cross-Fertilization 
• Early Blues 

Gertrude "Ma" Rainey—"Mother Of The Blues"
William Christopher Handy—"Father Of The Blues"
• From Vaudeville To Ragtime 

Scott Joplin 
James Scott 
Thomas Million Turpin
James Reese Europe
• New Orleans - Dixieland "Jazz" ("Traditional Jazz") 

"Buddy" Bolden 
William Gary "Bunk" Johnson 
"Jelly Roll" Morton 
"Papa" Celestin, "King" Oliver, And Freddie Keppard 
Other New Orleans Instrumentalists 
• Turn-of-the-Century Women Musicians 
• New York - Tin Pan Alley 
• African Musical Influences In The Americas
  The Evolution of The Drum Set 
  The Double Bass Evolution

Volume 2: The Evolution of Classic "Jazz" Forms

V.  Innovators Emerging Between 1910 and 1920

• The Blues Continue to Evolve 

Two Influential Rural Blues Musicians 
Classic Blues 
Bessie Smith 
• Ida Cox and Migrations to Northern Cities 

Mamie Smith
Other Women Instrumentalists 
• Sidney Bechet and the Early Transition from Clarinet to Saxophone 
• Evolution of the Early Piano 
• Politics and the Twentieth-Century African-American Church on the Eve of the Harlem Renaissance

VI.  Innovators Emerging Between 1920 and 1930

• Snapshots of American Society 
• The Effects of Changing American Demographics on Music
• New Orleans and the Movement East 
• Swing and Its Precursors 

Fats Waller 
New York During the Harlem Renaissance 
• Chicago Dixieland 
• The Jelly Roll Morton Documentary 
• Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong and His Associates 

Joe "King" Oliver
Lil Hardin Armstrong 
Bix Beiderbecke
• Big Bands and the Approaching Swing Era 

African-American "Jazz" Bands 
Commercial and Middle-of-the-Road Bands 
Big Bands Swing 
• The Media Continues to Burgeon

VII.  Innovators Emerging Between 1930 and 1940

• The New "Swing" Bands 
• Women's Bands during the Early Twentieth Century 

Ina Ray Hutton and Her Melodears 
International Sweethearts of Rhythm 
Other Women's Bands 
• Emma Barett 
• Other Women Artists 
• Toward Greater Individual Expression 

Art Tatum 
Mary Lou Williams
• The "Age of the Sax Masters" Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young 

Coleman Hawkins
Lester Young
• The Voice Continues to Be a Strong Influence 

Billie Holiday
Ella Fitzgerald
• Ellington's Afrocentricity and the European "Mirage" 
• The European Image of "Jazz" 

European "Mirage" and "Jazz" Politics 
• Benny Goodman 
• Other African-American Dance Bands 
• A Glance at the Development of the Guitar in Early "Jazz"

VIII.  Innovators Emerging Between 1930 and 1940

• Basic Blues and Early Precursors of Modern "Jazz" 
• Bebop Ties to Past and Present Cultures 
• Bebop Begins to Evolve 

Progenitors of the Bebop Revolution 
Charlie "Bird" Parker and "Black" Music Downtown 
• Misfortune, Drugs & Alcohol Imposes Upon The Bop Scene 
• Bop Brass Instrumentalists 

Dizzy Gillespie 
Melba Doretta Liston 
Howard McGhee and Others
• Bebop Pianists 

Earl Powell
Thelonious Monk 
Women Bop Pianists 
Other Bop Era Pianists 
• Women Vocalists and Instrumentalists During the 1940s 

Sarah Vaughan
Carmen McRae
Pauline Braddy (Williams) 
Mary Osborne 
• "Progressive Jazz" 
• Summary

Volume 3: The Creation of Free, Fusion and Reconstructive Modern Styles

IX.  Innovators Emerging Between 1950 and 1960

• Continued Resistance to African-American Freedom
• Changes
• Miles Davis and "Cool Jazz"
• Louis Jordan and Sonny Rollins
• John Coltrane and Other New Approaches to Spontaneous Composition
• Ornette Coleman
• Cecil Taylor
• Sun Ra
• Charles Mingus
  
• Two "Jazz" Harpists in the 1950s
  Dorothy Ashby
  Corky Haleco
• Art Blakey
  
• Phineas Newborn
• Summary

X.  Innovators Emerging Between 1960 and 1970

• Evolution of Innovative Music for 1960s Audiences
• Restructuring Musical Approaches 
• Artistic Expression or Entertainment? 
• Betty Carter 
• Alice Coltrane
• Eric Dolphy and the "Jazz" Critics 
• Albert Ayler 
• The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians 
• The Emergence of the Art Ensemble of Chicago 
• Dewey Redman, Art Davis, and the New York Scene 
• Amina Claudine Myers 
• Pharaoh Sanders 
• Archie Shepp 
• Joanne Brackeen 
• Charles Tolliver 
• Toshiko Akiyoshi 
• "Traditional Jazz" Continues 
• 1960s Music Outside African-American Culture 
• Summary: The American Society That 1960s Music Reflected

XI. Innovators Emerging Between 1970 and 1980

• Changes around the World
• Spiritual "Jazz" and New Musical Settings
• Changing Attitudes in Europe
• Connecting Fusion, Miles Davis, and Jimi Hendrix
  Jazz-Funk Fusion
  Jazz-Rock Fusion
  Donald Byrd
• The Crossroads of Stylistic Evolution
• More Conceptual Expansion
  Charles Mingus Reemerges during the 1970s
  Anthony Braxton
  The World Saxophone Quartet
  Joe Henderson
  McCoy Tyner
• Instrumental Style Continues to Evolve
  The Evolution of the Flute
  Other Instrumental Evolutions
  Classical-Jazz Fusion and Other New Approaches
  Santeria and Musical Freedom
• A Historical Summary

XII.  Innovators Emerging Between 1980 and 2000

• African-American Music in the American Marketplace
  Emphasis Moves from Innovations to Youthful Image
• Families of Musicians
• The Age of the Freelance Musician
• Snapshot: Bay Area "Jazz" in the Early 1980s
• The Contemporary Midwestern "Jazz" Scene
• Rap and Hip-Hop Culture
• Contemporary Politics & Labeling African-American Culture
• Summary: Afrocentric Snapshots of a Shrinking Society
• The African World

Volume 4: An Encyclopedia of Music, Musicians and Recordings

A. Appendices 1-12

• Appendix 1
  Nubian Chronology
  Chronology of Egyption Civilization
  Notes to Remember (African Musical Elements)
  Suggested Listening (African Music)
• Appendix 2
  Simple Definitions (Chapter 2)
• Appendix 3
  Short Definitions (Chapter 3)
  Statistics Compiled for Free "Negro" Men from Two Communities in the Antebellum South
• Appendix 4
  Terms and Concepts (Chapter 4)
• Appendix 5
  The Symbols of Music
  Musical Instruments
  Terms and Concepts (Chapter 5)
  Additional Notes and Definitions
• Appendix 6
  Oppression and Violence Continues in America
  The Film Industry Emerges to Rival Music
• Appendix 7
  World News during the 1930s
  Some Important Early Swing Band Performers
  Women Swing Bands and Instrumentalists
• Appendix 8
• Appendix 9
• Appendix 10
• Appendix 11
• Appendix 12

B. Resources

• Biography Archive
• Discography Archive
• Bibliography Archive
• "Jazz" and Improvisatory Theory
• Class Materials: African Music
• Class Materials: History of "Jazz"
• Class Materials: Improvisatory Theory
  
• Teaching Resources
• Research Resources
• Index of Images