{"id":406,"date":"2021-05-10T23:18:33","date_gmt":"2021-05-10T23:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/?page_id=406"},"modified":"2021-06-28T17:01:55","modified_gmt":"2021-06-28T17:01:55","slug":"indian-instruments","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/music-and-dance\/instrumental-music\/indian-instruments\/","title":{"rendered":"Musical Instruments of India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>by <a href=\"\/about-us\/bio-of-d-courtney\/\">David Courtney<\/a> <img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"78\" height=\"20\" class=\"wp-image-452\" style=\"width: 50px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/l_p_s.gif\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/instrument.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/instrument.jpg 600w, https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/instrument-300x153.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many mus\u00adical in\u00adstru\u00adments in India.&nbsp; Some in\u00adstru\u00adments are used primarily in north In\u00addian music (Hindustani sangeet), some are used in the south In\u00addian music (Carnatic sangeet), while others are found in folk music.&nbsp; Instrumental music is us\u00adually si\u00admi\u00adlar to vocal music but some\u00adtimes there are distinctive instrumental styles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a trad\u00aditional sys\u00adtem for the classification of in\u00adstru\u00adments.&nbsp; This sys\u00adtem is based upon; non-membranous percussion (<em>ghan<\/em>), membranous percussion (<em>avanaddh<\/em>), wind blown (<em>sushir<\/em>), plucked string (<em>tat<\/em>), bowed string (<em>vitat<\/em>).&nbsp; In addition to these trad\u00aditional five classes we have been forced to create a sixth class to accommodate purely electronic in\u00adstru\u00adments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"NONMEMBRANOUS\">Non-Membranous Percussive (Ghan)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one of the oldest classes of in\u00adstru\u00adments in India.&nbsp; This class is based upon percussive in\u00adstru\u00adments which do not have membranes, speci\u00adfically those which have solid resonators.&nbsp; These may be either melodic in\u00adstru\u00adments or in\u00adstru\u00adments to keep <em>tal<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/andelu.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/andelu.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Andelu\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/andelu.html\">Andelu<\/a> \u2013 Small brass pellet bells from southern India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/chimpta.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/chimpta.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Chimpta\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/chimpta.html\">Chimpta<\/a> \u2013 A metallic clapper from Punjab<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ghatam.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/ghatam.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Ghatam\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ghatam.html\">Ghatam<\/a> \u2013 A musical earthen-ware pot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ghungharu.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/ghungharu.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Ghungharu\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ghungharu.html\">Ghungharu<\/a> \u2013 Brass pellet bells<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gogona.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/gogona_thumbnail.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian jaw-harp\" width=\"82\" height=\"82\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gogona.html\">Gogona<\/a> \u2013 A jaw-harp of Assam (plucked idiophone)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gol_kathi.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/gol_kathi.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dancing Stick\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gol_kathi.html\">Gol Kathi<\/a> \u2013 A dancing stick<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/jal_tarang.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/jal_tarang.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Jal Tarang\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/jal_tarang.html\">Jal Tarang<\/a> \u2013 Musical bowls<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kartal.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/Kartal.png\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Kartal\" width=\"87\" height=\"126\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kartal.html\">Kartal<\/a> \u2013 Wooden clappers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kasht_tarang.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/kasht_tarang.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Kasht Tarang\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kasht_tarang.html\">Kasht Tarang<\/a> \u2013 A wooden xylophone<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/manjira.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/manjira.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Manjira\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/manjira.html\">Manjira<\/a> \u2013 Small brass cymbals<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/murchang.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/murchang.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Murchang\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/murchang.html\">Murchang<\/a> \u2013 A metallic jaw harp of South India (plucked idiophone)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nout.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/nout.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Nout\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nout.html\">Nout<\/a> \u2013 A musical pot of Kashmir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"AIR\">Blown Air (Sushir)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This class of instrument is cha\u00adrac\u00adterised by the use of air to excite the var\u00adious resonators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/algoza.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/algoza_small.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of algoza\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/algoza.html\">Algoza<\/a> \u2013 A pair of fipple flutes of North India and Pakistan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/bansuri.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/bansuri.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of bansuri\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/bansuri.html\">Bansuri<\/a> \u2013 A bamboo\/ reed flute <br>1) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/bansuri.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/bansuri_parts.html\">Parts<\/a> 3) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/bansuri_technique.html\">Technique<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/bombashi.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/bombashi.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of bombashi\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/bombashi.html\">Bombashi<\/a> \u2013 A fipple flute of Bangladesh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/harmonium.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/harmonium.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian harmonium\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/harmonium.html\">Harmonium<\/a> \u2013 A reed organ<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mukhavina.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/mukhavina.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Mukhavina\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mukhavina.html\">Mukhavina<\/a> \u2013 A small version of the Nadaswaram<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nadaswaram.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/nadaswaram.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Nadaswaram\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nadaswaram.html\">Nadaswaram<\/a> \u2013 A large double-reed oboe of Southern India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ottu.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/ottu.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Ottu\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ottu.html\">Ottu<\/a> \u2013 A drone instrument of South India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pepa.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/pepa.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of Assami pepa\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pepa.html\">Pepa<\/a> \u2013 A hornpipe of Assam<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pungi.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/pungi.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Pungi\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pungi.html\">Pungi<\/a> \u2013 A snake charmers instrument<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/shankh.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/shankh.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Shankh\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/shankh.html\">Shankh<\/a> \u2013 A musical conch<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/shehnai.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/shehnai.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Shehnai\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/shehnai.html\">Shehnai<\/a> \u2013 A double reed oboe of North India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/surpeti.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/surpeti_manual.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Surpeti\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/surpeti.html\">Surpeti <\/a>\u2013 A drone instrument<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tarpa.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/Tarpa_thumbnail.png\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tarpa\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tarpa.html\">Tarpa<\/a> \u2013 A large tribal hornpipe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"PLUCKED\">Plucked Stringed Instruments (Tat)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This class of in\u00adstru\u00adments is cha\u00adrac\u00adterised by plucked strings.&nbsp; In ancient times vir\u00adtually all in\u00adstru\u00adments of this class were re\u00adfer\u00adred to as <em>vina<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/bulbul.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/bulbul.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Bulbul Tarang\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/bulbul.html\">Bulbul Tarang<\/a> (a.k.a. Banjo) \u2013 A keyed box zither<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dotar.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dotar_1.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dotar\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dotar.html\">Dotar #1<\/a> \u2013 A two stringed stick zither<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dotora.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dotar_2.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of Bengali Dotora\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dotora.html\">Dotar #2 (Dotora)<\/a> &#8211; A four stringed lute pf Bengal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/damyan.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/damyan.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dramyen\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/damyan.html\">Dramyen<\/a> \u2013 A sub-Himalayan folk lute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ektar.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/ektar.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Ektar\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ektar.html\">Ektar<\/a> \u2013 A one stringed folk stick zither<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/getchu.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/getchu.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Gettuvadyam\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/getchu.html\">Getchu Vadyam (Gettuvadyam)<\/a>\u2013 A hammered lute of South India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gopichand.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/gopichand.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Gopichand\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gopichand.html\">Gopichand (ektar)<\/a> \u2013 A one-stringed folk instrument of Bengal<br>1) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/gopichand.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/gopichand_plans.html\">Making<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gotuvadyam.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/gottuvadyam.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Gotuvadyam\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gotuvadyam.html\">Gotuvadyam<\/a> \u2013 A fretless version of the South Indian vina<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/katho.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/khamak.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Khomok\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/katho.html\">Katho (Khomok)<\/a> \u2013 A one stringed instrument<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/magadi.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/magadi.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Magadi Vina\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/magadi.html\">Magadi Vina<\/a> \u2013 a simple stick zither<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nakula.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/nakula.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Nakula Vina\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nakula.html\">Nakula Vina<\/a> \u2013 A simple stick zither<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/rabab.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/rabab.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of Kabuli Rababt\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/rabab.html\">Rabab (Kabuli Rabab)<\/a> \u2013 A rabab of North-West India and Pakistan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/rudra_vina.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/rudra.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Rudra Vina\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/rudra_vina.html\">Rudra Vina<\/a> \u2013 A large stick zither<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/santur.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/santur.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Santur\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/santur.html\">Santur<\/a> \u2013 A hammered dulcimer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/saraswati_vina.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/saraswathi_vina.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Vina\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/saraswati_vina.html\">Saraswati Vina<\/a> \u2013 The South Indian large lute<br>1) <a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/saraswati_vina.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/saraswati_folder\/vina_tuning.html\">Tuning<\/a> 3) <a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/saraswati_folder\/vina_fret.html\">Fingering<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sarod.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/sarod.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Sarod\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sarod.html\">Sarod<\/a> \u2013 A north Indian bass rabab<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/seni.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/seni_rabab.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Seni Rabab\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/seni.html\">Seni Rebab<\/a> \u2013 An old version of the sarod<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sitar.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/sitar.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Sitar\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sitar.html\">Sitar<\/a> \u2013 A north Indian lute, <br>1) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sitar.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sitar\/parts.html\">Parts<\/a>, 3) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sitar\/origin.html\">Origin<\/a> 4) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sitar\/sitar_making.html\">Making<\/a> 5) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sitar\/sitar_tuning.html\">Tuning<\/a> 6)<a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sitar\/radio_special.html\"> Radio special<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/surbahar.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/surbahar.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Surbahar\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/surbahar.html\">Surbahar<\/a> \u2013 A bass sitar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/surmandal.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/surmandal.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Surmandal\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/surmandal.html\">Surmandal<\/a> \u2013 A box zither (harp)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sursringar.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/sursringar-thumbnail.png\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Sursringar\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sursringar.html\">Sursringar<\/a> \u2013 An ancient North Indian lute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/swarabat.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/swarabat.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Swarabat\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/swarabat.html\">Swarabat <\/a>\u2013 A South Indian sarod<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tanpura.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tanpura.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tanpura\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tanpura.html\">Tanpura<\/a> \u2013 A drone instrument<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tuntuna.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tuntuna.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tuntuna\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tuntuna.html\">Tuntuna (Chohokhode)<\/a> \u2013 A one stringed folk instrument<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/vichitra_vina.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/vichitra.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Vichitra Vina\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/vichitra_vina.html\">Vichitra Vina<\/a> \u2013 A large stick zither<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/yazh.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/yazh.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of ancient In\u00addian Vharp\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/yazh.html\">Yazh (Yaal)<\/a> \u2013 A South Indian harp<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"BOWED\">Bowed-Stringed Instruments (Vitat)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a class of stringed in\u00adstru\u00adments which are bowed.&nbsp; This class ap\u00adpears to be quite old, yet these in\u00adstru\u00adments did not occupy a place in classical music un\u00adtil the last few centu\u00adries.&nbsp; The en\u00adtire class of in\u00adstru\u00adments has a cer\u00adtain stigma at\u00adta\u00adched to it.&nbsp; Even today only the Western violin is free of this stigma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Readers who are interested in the subject should also read the section &#8220;<a href=\"\/misc-topics\/rosin\/\">Rosin<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/banam.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/banam.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Banam\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/banam.html\">Banam<\/a> \u2013 A folk fiddle of North-East India and Bangladesh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/chikara.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/chikara.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Chikara\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/chikara.html\">Chikara<\/a> \u2013 A folk spike-fiddle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dilruba.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dilruba.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dilruba\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dilruba.html\">Dilruba<\/a> \u2013 A bowed lute of North-West India <br>1) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/dilruba.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/dilruba\/dilruba_tuning_intro.html\">Tuning<\/a> 3) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/dilruba\/dilruba_bridge.html\">Bridge Mod<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/esraj.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/esraj.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Esraj\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/esraj.html\">Esraj<\/a> \u2013 A bowed lute of North-East India <br>1) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/esraj.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/dilruba\/dilruba_tuning_intro.html\">Tuning<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kamakshi.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/kamakshi_thumbnail.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Kamakshi Vina\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kamakshi.html\">Kamakshi Vina<\/a> \u2013 A folk fiddle of Andhra Pradesh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kamancha.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/kamancha.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Kamancha\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kamancha.html\">Kamancha<\/a> \u2013 A bowed lute of Northern India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kenda.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/kenda.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Kenda\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kenda.html\">Kenda<\/a> \u2013 A folk fiddle of North East India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mayuri.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/mayuri.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Mayuri Vina\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mayuri.html\">Mayuri Vina<\/a> (a.k.a. Taus) \u2013 A peacock shaped bowed lute of Northern India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pena.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/pena.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Pena\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pena.html\">Pena (a.k.a. Bana)<\/a> \u2013 A spike fiddle of Manipur<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ravanhastra.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/ravanhasta.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Ravanhasta\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/ravanhastra.html\">Ravanhasta<\/a> \u2013 A spike fiddle of Rajasthan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sarangi.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/sarangi.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Sarangi\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sarangi.html\">Sarangi<\/a> \u2013 A bowed box zither of Northern India <br>1) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sarangi.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sarangi\/sarangi_parts.html\">Parts<\/a>  3) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sarangi\/sarangi_tuning.html\">Tuning<\/a> 4) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/sarangi\/sarangi_fingering.html\">Fingering<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sarangi_nepali.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/Nepali-Sarang_Thumbnail.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of Nepali Sarangi\" width=\"83\" height=\"83\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sarangi_nepali.html\">Sarangi (Nepali)<\/a> \u2013 A bowed fiddle of Nepal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/saringda.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/saringda.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Saringda\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/saringda.html\">Saringda<\/a> \u2013 A folk fiddle of Northern India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tar_shehnai.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tar_shehnai.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tar Shehnai\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tar_shehnai.html\">Tar Shehnai<\/a> \u2013 A bowed lute of Northern India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/violin.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/violin.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of Violin\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/violin.html\">Violin<\/a> \u2013 Same as the Western Violin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"MEMBRANOUS\">Membranous Percussive (Avanaddh)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a class of in\u00adstru\u00adments which have struck membranes.&nbsp; These typically comprise the drums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/charchari.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/charchari.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Charchari\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/charchari.html\">Charchari<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/chenda.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/chenda.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Chenda\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/chenda.html\">Chenda<\/a> \u2013 A traditional drum of Kerala<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/daf.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/daf.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Daf\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/daf.html\">Daf (Duf, Daphu, Daffali)<\/a> \u2013 A frame drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dakla.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dhak.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dakla\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dakla.html\">Dakla<\/a> \u2013 A waisted drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/damaru.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/damaru.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Damaru\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/damaru.html\">Damaru<\/a> \u2013 A small waisted drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dhad.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dhad.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dhad\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dhad.html\">Dhad <\/a>\u2013 A small waisted drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dhak.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dhak2.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dhak\" width=\"81\" height=\"81\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dakla.html\">Dhak (Daklu)<\/a> \u2013 A drum of Bengal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dhol.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dhol.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dhol\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dhol.html\">Dhol<\/a> \u2013 A large barrel drum of Northern India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dholak.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dholak.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dholak\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dholak.html\">Dholak<\/a> \u2013 A smaller barrel drum of Northern India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dholki.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/dholki.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Dholki\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/dholki.html\">Dholki (Nal)<\/a> &#8211; A small cylindrical drum of India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/diggi.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/diggi.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Diggi\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/diggi.html\">Diggi<\/a> \u2013 A small kettle drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/goga_dhol.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/goga_dhol.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Goga Dhol\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/goga_dhol.html\">Goga Dhol<\/a> \u2013 A kettle drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gummeta.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/gummeta.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Gummeta\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/gummeta.html\">Gummeta (Dakki, Budike)<\/a> \u2013 A small goblet drum of South India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/idakka.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/udaku.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Idakka\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/idakka.html\">Idakka and Udaku (Udakai)<\/a> \u2013 A waisted drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/jaspuria.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/jaspuria.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Jaspuria\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/jaspuria.html\">Jaspuria<\/a> \u2013 A two faced folk drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/jhorka.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/jhorka.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Jhorka\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/jhorka.html\">Jhorka &amp; Korka<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kanjira.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/kanjira.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Kanjira\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/kanjira.html\">Kanjira<\/a> \u2013 A small frame drum of South India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/khol.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/khol.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of Bengali Khol\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/khol.html\">Khol (Mridang)<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum of Bengal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/madar.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/madar.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Madar\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/madar.html\">Madar<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum of Central India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/maddal.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/maddal.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Maddal\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/maddal.html\">Maddal<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum of India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mizhavu.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/mizhavu_thumbnail.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of mizhavu drum\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mizhavu.html\">Mizhavu<\/a> \u2013 A pot drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mridangam.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/mridangam.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Mridangam\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mridangam.html\">Mridangam<\/a> \u2013 A two faced drum of South India <br>1) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/mridangam.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/tablasite\/articles\/mridanga.htm\">Mridangam and Tabla<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nagada.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/nagara.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Nagada\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nagada.html\">Nagada<\/a> \u2013 A pair of kettle drums<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nissan.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/nissan.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Lohati\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/nissan.html\">Nissan, Mawaloti, or Lohati<\/a> \u2013 Folk drum of Central India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pakhawaj.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/pakhawaj.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Pakhawaj\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pakhawaj.html\">Pakhawaj<\/a> \u2013 A two-faced drum of North India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pancha_mukha_v.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/pancha_mukha.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Pancha Mukha Vadhyam\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pancha_mukha_v.html\">Pancha-Mukha-Vadyam<\/a> \u2013 A five-faced pot drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/phara.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/phara.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Phara\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/phara.html\">Phara<\/a> \u2013 A two faced drum of Kerala<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pung.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/pung.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Pung\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/pung.html\">Pung<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum of Manipur<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sambal.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/sambal.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Sambal\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/sambal.html\">Sambal<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum of Western India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/shuddha_madalam.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/shudha_maddalam.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Shuddha Madalam\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/shuddha_madalam.html\">Shuddha Madalam<\/a> \u2013 A two faced drum of Kerala<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tabla.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tabla.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tabla\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tabla.html\">Tabla<\/a> \u2013 A pair of Indian hand drums <br>1) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/tabla.html\">Overview<\/a> 2) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/tblamkng.htm\">Making<\/a> 3) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/quick.htm\">Quick Reference Chart <\/a>4) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/bsicbols.htm\">Basic Strokes<\/a> 5) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/glossary.htm\">Glossary<\/a> 6) <a href=\"\/faq\/learn_tabla_faq.html\">FAQs<\/a> 7) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/tablaprimer.htm\">Primer for Older Student<\/a> 8) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/tuning.htm\">Tuning the Tabla<\/a> 9) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/repair.htm\">Repair<\/a> 10) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/sang_r_a.html\">Psychoacoustics of Pitch<\/a> 11) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/pudi.htm\">Pudi<\/a> 12) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/newapp.htm\">New Approaches to Instruction<\/a> 13) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/mridanga.htm\">Mridangam and Tabla<\/a> 14) <a href=\"\/tablasite\/articles\/tabla_guitar.html\">Tabla and the Guitar<\/a> 15) <a href=\"\/articles\/indian_music\/tabla.html#gallery\">Gallery<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tabla_tarang.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tabla_tarang.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian tabla Tarang\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tabla_tarang.html\">Tabla Tarang<\/a> \u2013 A melodic instrument composed of various tablas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tamak.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tamak.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tamak\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tamak.html\">Tamak<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tasha.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tasha.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tasha\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tasha.html\">Tasha<\/a> \u2013 A folk kettle drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tavil.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tavil.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tavil\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tavil.html\">Tavil<\/a> \u2013 A two faced drum of South India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/thanthi.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/thanthi_p.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Thanthi Panai\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/thanthi.html\">Thanthi Panai<\/a> \u2013 A pot drum of South India<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/timki.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/timki.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Timki\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/timki.html\">Timki<\/a> \u2013 A small vessel drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tumbak.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tumbak.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tumbak\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tumbak.html\">Tumbak<\/a> \u2013 An  Indian version of the doumbek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/urumili.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/urumili.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Urumili\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/urumili.html\">Urumili<\/a> \u2013 A folk drum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"ELECTRONIC\">Electronic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a class of in\u00adstru\u00adments which are electronic in their operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/surpeti.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/sur_peti_electric.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Surpeti\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/surpeti.html\">Surpeti <\/a>\u2013 A drone instrument<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/lahara_peti.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/lahara_peti.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of Lahera Peti\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/lahara_peti.html\">Lahera Peti<\/a> \u2013 An electronic device which plays the lahera \/ naghma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tabla_peti.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/tabla_peti.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Tabla Peti\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/tabla_peti.html\">Tabla Peti <\/a>\u2013 An electronic device which plays the theka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mridangam_peti.html\"><img src=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/images\/thumbnail_images\/mridangam_peti.jpg\" alt=\"thumbnail image of In\u00addian Mridangam Peti\"\/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/articles\/indian_music\/mridangam_peti.html\">Mridangam Peti<\/a> \u2013 An electronic device that gives mridangam accompaniment<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2>Other Sites of Interest<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in\/bitstream\/10603\/13634\/9\/09_chapter%203.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Classification of In\u00addian Musical Instruments<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vam.ac.uk\/content\/exhibitions\/display-musical-wonders-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Display: Musical Wonders of India<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.402.8801&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Indian Music Instruments Semantic Knowledge Representation<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=nyp.33433082277058;view=1up;seq=6\" target=\"_blank\">Yantra Kosha; or, A Treasury of the Musical Instruments of Ancient and of Modern India, and of Various Other Countries<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/commons.ptsem.edu\/id\/musicofindia00popl_0\" target=\"_blank\">The Music of India<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/indi\/hd_indi.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Musical Instruments of the In\u00addian Subcontinent<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by David Courtney There are many mus\u00adical in\u00adstru\u00adments in India.&nbsp; Some in\u00adstru\u00adments are used primarily in north In\u00addian music (Hindustani sangeet), some are used in&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/music-and-dance\/instrumental-music\/indian-instruments\/\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Musical Instruments of India<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2495,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/406"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=406"}],"version-history":[{"count":65,"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4086,"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/406\/revisions\/4086"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chandrakantha.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}